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Purpose: Recently, the proportion of patients with high myopia has shown a continuous growing trend, more toward the younger age groups. This study aimed to predict the changes in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) in children using machine learning methods. Methods: This study is a retrospective study. The cooperative ophthalmology hospital of this study collected data on 179 sets of childhood myopia examinations. The data collected included AL and SER from grades 1 to 6. This study used the six machine learning models to predict AL and SER based on the data. Six evaluation indicators were used to evaluate the prediction results of the models. Results: For predicting SER in grade 6, grade 5, grade 4, grade 3, and grade 2, the best results were obtained through the multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm, MLP algorithm, orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, OMP algorithm, and OMP algorithm, respectively. The R2 of the five models were 0.8997, 0.7839, 0.7177, 0.5118, and 0.1758, respectively. For predicting AL in grade 6, grade 5, grade 4, grade 3, and grade 2, the best results were obtained through the Extra Tree (ET) algorithm, MLP algorithm, kernel ridge (KR) algorithm, KR algorithm, and MLP algorithm, respectively. The R2 of the five models were 0.7546, 0.5456, 0.8755, 0.9072, and 0.8534, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, in predicting SER, the OMP model performed better than the other models in most experiments. In predicting AL, the KR and MLP models were better than the other models in most experiments.
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Objective: To investigate the efficacy of the first-day suspension method for improving the success rate of construction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma-patient derived organoids (NPC-PDO). Methods: The tumor samples of 14 nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) patients, i.e.,13 males and 1 female, with a mean age of 43.0±12.0 years old, were collected from the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2022 to July 2022. The tumor samples of 3 patients were digested into single cell suspension and divided into 2 groups, for comparing the efficacy of NPC-PDO construction by the direct inoculation method and the first-day suspension method. The remaining 11 patients were randomized to receive either the direct inoculation method or the first-day suspension method for NPC-PDO construction. The diameter and the number of spheres of NPC-PDO constructed by the two methods were compared by optical microscope; the 3D cell viability detection kit was used to compare the cell viability; the survival rates were compared by trypan blue staining; the success rates of the two construction methods were compared; the number of cases which could be successfully passaged for more than 5 generations and were consistent with the original tissue by pathological examination was counted; and the dynamic changes of cells in suspension overnight were observed by live cell workstation. The independent sample t-test was applied to compare the measurement data of the two groups, and the chi-square test was used to compare the classification data. Results: Compared with the direct inoculation, the diameter and the number of spheres of NPC-PDO constructed by the first-day suspension method were increased, with a higher cell activity, and the success rate of construction was obviously improved (80.0% vs 16.7%, χ2=4.41, P<0.05). In the suspension state, some of the cells aggregated and increased their ability to proliferate. Conclusion: The first-day suspension method can improve the success rate of NPC-PDO construction, especially for those whose original tumor sample size is small.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma , China , Microscopy , Organoids , Nasopharyngeal NeoplasmsABSTRACT
ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters are one of the largest protein families in organisms, with important effects in regulating plant growth and development, root morphology, transportation of secondary metabolites and resistance of stress. Environmental stress promotes the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites, which determines the quality of medicinal plants. Therefore, how to improve the accumulation of secondary metabolites has been a hotspot in studying medicinal plants. Many studies have showed that ABC transporters are extremely related to the transportation and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. Recently, with the great development of genomics and transcriptomic sequencing technology, the regulatory mechanisms of ABC transporters on secondary metabolites have attached great attentions in medicinal plants. This paper reviewed the mechanisms of different groups of ABC transporters in transporting secondary metabolites through cell membranes. This paper provided key theoretical basis and technical supports in studying the mechanisms of ABC transporters in medicinal plant, and promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites, in order to improve the quality of medicinal plants.
Subject(s)
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism , Biological Transport , Plant Development , Plants, Medicinal/metabolism , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the miRNAs that can intervene Mcl-1 expression in HBV-related liver cancers and to study their synergistic anti-cancer effect with sorafenib. Methods: The expressions of miR-29, miR-101 and miR-193b in HepG2.2.15 (HBV positive) and HepG2.vc (HBV negative) cells were detected by qPCR. miRNA mimics of low expressed genes in HepG2.2.15 cells were synthesized and transfected into HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.vc cells, respectively. qPCR was used to detect target miRNA expression. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of mcl-1 protein in cells before and after transfection.At the same time, (1×10-9)~(1× 10-3) mol/L of sorafenib was add to both transfected and non-transfected HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.vc cells; 72 h later, the IC50 and cell apoptosis was evaluated. Results: The expression of miR-193b in HepG2.2.15 cells was significantly lower than that in HepG2.2.15 cells (P <0.05). The expression of miR-193b in HepG2.2.15 cells and HepG2.2.15 cells was significantly higher after miR-193b mimics transfection (P <0.05). Compared with HepG2.vc cells, the expression of Mcl-1 protein in HepG2.2.15 cells was significantly increased (P <0.05). The expression of Mcl-1 protein in HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.vc cells was significantly decreased after miR-193b mimics transfection (P<0.05). After miR-193b mimics transfection, sorafenib could significantly increase apoptosis rate of both HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.vc cells. Conclusion: The low susceptibility of HBV-related liver cancer to sorafenib may be related with the low expression of miR-193b in cancer cells. Mcl-1 might be used as a target of miR-193b, and miR-193b mimics have a significant synergistic effect with sorafenib.
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·AIM: To investigate the effect of Toric intraocular lens ( IOL ) on the treatment of cataract with corneal astigmatism and its effect on visual function.·METHODS: The clinical data of patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification in our hospital from August 2013 to August 2016 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into spherical IOL group and Toric group according to the difference of their implanted IOL. The treatment satisfaction of the two groups was observed, and the difference of visual acuity, diopter, optic function and complications between the two groups were compared.·RESULTS: The visual acuity and total astigmatism of the two groups before treatment had no difference ( P>0. 05). At 3mo after treatment, the visual acuity and total astigmatism of patients in the Toric IOL group were better than those of the spherical IOL group, the differences were statistically different (P<0. 05). At 1 and 3mo after operation, the axial rotation of the Toric IOL group was lower than that of the IOL group. There was no difference between the two groups in visual function before operation (P>0. 05). After treatment, the BCVA, area under the log contrast sensitivity function ( AULCSF ) , contrast sensitivity maxium ( Smax ) and cut-off spatial frequency ( CutSF) of the patients in the Toric group were lower than those of the spherical IOL group at the end of the treatment, the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ). Two groups of patients were no endophthalmitis, secondary glaucoma, macular edema and iridocyclitis complications; no significant difference between the two groups on patients satisfaction ( x2 =0. 002, P=0. 964).·CONCLUSION:Toric IOL has a better therapeutic effect on patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism. It can improve the visual acuity and optic function in patients with cataract.
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<p><b>PURPOSE</b>Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a serious complication of head trauma with the incidence rate of 0.5%-5%. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic decompression of the optic canal for optic nerve injuries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, 11 patients treated in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2015 with the visual loss resulting from TON were retrospectively reviewed for preoperative vision, visual evoked potential (VEP) scan, surgical approach, postoperative visual acuity, complications, and follow-up results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All these patients received endoscopic decompression of the optic canal. At the 3-month follow- up, the visual acuity improvement rate of the 11 patients was 45.5%. The vision acuity of 2 cases improved from hand movement to 0.08 and 0.3 after operation. Another patient's vision acuity returned to 0.05 compared to light sensation preoperatively. Two cases had finger counting before surgery but they had a vision acuity of 0.4 and light sensation respectively after surgery. However, the other 6 cases' vision did not improve after surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endoscopic decompression of the optic canal is an effective way to cure TON. VEP could be used as an important reference for preoperative and prognosis evaluation. Operative time after trauma is only a relative condition that may affect the therapeutic effect of optic canal decompression. Poor results of this procedure may be related to the severity of the optic nerve injury.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Decompression, Surgical , Methods , Endoscopy , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Optic Nerve Injuries , General Surgery , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Transcription of human cytomegalovirus UL/b′ region has been studied extensively for some genes. In this study, transcripts of the UL140 and UL141, two of the UL/b′ genes, were identified in late RNAs of three HCMV isolates using Northern blot hybridization, cDNA library screening and RACE-PCR. At least three transcripts with length of 2800, 2400 and 1700 nt, as well as a group of transcripts of about 1000–1300 nt, were found in this gene region with an accordant 3′ ends. Among the transcripts, two initiated upstream of the start code of the UL140 gene and contained the UL140 and UL141 open reading frame (ORF), one initiated in the middle of the UL140 gene, and could encode short ORFs upstream of the UL141 ORF. A group of transcripts initiated upstream or downstream of the start code of the UL141 gene, and could encode ‘nested’ ORFs, including the UL141 ORF. These ‘nested’ ORFs possess different initiation sites but the same termination site as that of the UL141 ORF.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether breastfeeding can reduce the risk of childhood overweight in the offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Follow-up was performed on 1189 offspring of mothers with GDM between January 2003 and December 2009. The influence of the manner and duration of breastfeeding between 0 to 3 months after birth on the risk of childhood overweight in the offspring of mothers with GDM was analyzed by logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After correcting confounding factors such as pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, gestational blood sugar, sex, birth weight, age and farther's body weight, it was found that the risk of childhood overweight in the offspring who received exclusive breastfeeding during the first 3 months after birth was lower than in the artificial feeding group (OR: 0.479, 95%CI: 0.256-0.897). Offspring who were breastfed for 0 to 3 months, 4 to 6 months and over 6 months had a lower risk of childhood overweight than the artificial feeding group (OR: 0.456, 95%CI: 0.233-0.827; OR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.103-0.817; OR: 0.534, 95%CI: 0.280-0.970), offspring who were breastfed for 4 to 6 months had a lower risk of childhood overweight than those who were breastfed for 0 to 3 months (OR: 0.372, 95%CI: 0.129-0.874), and offspring who were breastfed for more than 6 months did not show significantly lower risk of overweight than those who were breastfed for less than 6 months (OR: 0.769, 95%CI: 0.470-1.258).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Within 3 months of birth, breastfeeding, especially exclusively, may reduce the risk of childhood overweight in the offspring of mothers with GDM. Within 6 months of birth, the risk of childhood overweight decreases as the duration of breastfeeding increases, but prolonging the duration of breastfeeding cannot necessarily reduce the risk of childhood overweight after postnatal six months.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Birth Weight , Breast Feeding , Diabetes, Gestational , Metabolism , Logistic Models , Overweight , RiskABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has become a common procedure for early breast cancer patients. The GeneSearch(TM) Breast Lymph Node (BLN) Assay is a real-time RT-PCR assay for the detecting nodal metastases larger than 0.2 mm. China Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group (CBCSG)-001a is a prospective multi-center clinical trial that was conducted to validate the GeneSearch(TM) BLN Assay in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The SLNs from 90 consecutive patients were identified and dissected, and then sectioned along the short axis into multiple blocks. Intra-operatively, the odd blocks were tested by BLN assay and the even ones were used for frozen section, while all the blocks were evaluated by touch imprint cytology. Post-operatively, the remaining tissues were assessed by histological evaluation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 189 SLNs was tested by BLN assay. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 88.9%, 97.4%, 88.9% and 97.4%, respectively, for BLN assay, 75.0%, 100%, 100% and 94.4%, respectively, for frozen section, and 63.9%, 100%, 100% and 92.2%, respectively, for touch imprint cytology. The sensitivity of BLN assay was higher than that of touch imprint cytology (P = 0.01) and frozen section (P = 0.13). When assessing the nodes with micro-metastases, BLN assay had a significant higher sensitivity than frozen section (P = 0.023) and touch imprint cytology (P = 0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The GeneSearch(TM) BLN Assay is an accurate and rapid intra-operative assay for breast SLNs and it is suitable for application in general medical practice.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Lymph Nodes , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Diagnosis , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effects of manipulative reduction and percutaneous locking compression plate internal fixation for the treatment of mid-distal tibiofibula shaft fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2006 to October 2009,46 patients suffering from mid-distal tibiofibula shaft fractures were treated with closed manipulative reduction and LCP, involved 27 males and 19 females with an average age of 39 years old ranging from 17 to 56 years. According to AO classification, there were 12 cases of type A, 24 of type B, 10 of type C. The duration of visiting hospital were from 2 hours to 3 days after being injured for these patients. The injured limbs of the patients were swollen and painful,even with bony crepitus. The wound, function of the injured limb and union of fractures were observed after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up from 12 to 18 months (averaged 15 months). It was found that the wound of all patients had primary healing without any infection. The fracture healing time was 12 to 18 weeks (means 14 weeks). The results were excellent in 40 cases,good in 4 and fair in 2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Less invasive, more stable fixation, shorter healing time and better functional rehabilitation are observed in the treatment of mid-distal tibiofibula shaft fractures after manipulative reduction and percutaneous locking compression plate internal fixation.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bone Plates , Fibula , Diagnostic Imaging , Wounds and Injuries , General Surgery , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Fractures, Bone , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Therapeutics , Musculoskeletal Manipulations , Methods , Tibia , Diagnostic Imaging , Wounds and Injuries , General Surgery , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Several clinical trials showed that erlotinib was effective after the failure of gefitinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of erlotinib treatment after the failure of gefitinib based on the data from our hospital.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 20 patients with advanced NSCLC who were admitted to Shanghai Chest Hospital from August 2007 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. All of the patients were given erlotinib treatment after the failure of gefitinib. Survival analysis was made by Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression model was performed to analyze the relationship between the influential factors and the erlotinib progression-free survival (PFS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five patients had a partial response (PR), nine patients had stable disease (SD) and six patients had progressive disease (PD) with gefitinib treatment. The median PFS was 277 days (95% CI 0- 566). No patient had a PR, seven had SD and fourteen PD with the erlotinib therapy. The median PFS was 31 days (95% CI 9.1- 52.9). The response rate (RR) was 0, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 35% (7/20). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that sex (P = 0.96), age (P = 0.89), smoking history (P = 0.78), performance status (PS) (P = 0.98), gefitinib efficacy (P = 0.90) and whether chemotherapy was applied between using the two drugs (P = 0.45) had no significant correlation with erlotinib PFS. Fifteen patients had epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status determined. There were five cases got SD with the erlotinib treatment in ten mutation negative (wild-type) patients. No SD was recorded in the five mutation positive patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The efficacy of erlotinib treatment after gefitinib failure was limited. However, the patients who are EGFR mutation negative can probably benefit from erlotinib treatment after gefitinib failure.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antineoplastic Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Drug Therapy , Mortality , Erlotinib Hydrochloride , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Proportional Hazards Models , Quinazolines , Therapeutic Uses , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation and gene therapy have been widely investigated for treating the cerebullar and myelonic injuries, however, studies on the ophthalmology are rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the migration and differentiation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene transgenic NSCs transplanted into the normal rat retinas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NSCs were cultured and purified in vitro and infected with recombinant retrovirus pLXSN-BDNF and pLXSN respectively, to obtain the BDNF overexpressed NSCs (BDNF-NSCs) and control cells (p-NSCs). The expression of BDNF genes in two transgenic NSCs and untreated NSCs were measured by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BDNF-NSCs and NSCs were infected with adeno-associated viruses-enhanced green fluorescent protein (AAV-EGFP) to track them in vivo and served as donor cells for transplantation into the subretinal space of normal rat retinas, phosphated buffer solution (PBS) served as pseudo transplantation for a negative control. Survival, migration, and differentiation of donor cells in host retinas were observed and analyzed with Heidelberg retina angiograph (HRA) and immunohistochemistry, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NSCs were purified successfully by limiting dilution assay. The expression of BDNF gene in BDNF-NSCs was the highest among three groups both at mRNA level tested by FQ-PCR (P < 0.05) and at protein level measured by ELISA (P < 0.05), which showed that BDNF was overexpressed in BDNF-NSCs. The results of HRA demonstrated that graft cells could survive well and migrate into the host retinas, while the immunohistochemical analysis revealed that transplanted BDNF-NSCs differentiated into neuron more efficiently compared with the control NSCs 2 months after transplantation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The seed cells of NSCs highly secreting BDNF were established. BDNF can promote NSCs to migrate and differentiate into neural cells in the normal host retinas.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Genetics , Metabolism , Cell Differentiation , Physiology , Cell Movement , Physiology , Cells, Cultured , Embryo, Mammalian , Cell Biology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunohistochemistry , Neurons , Cell Biology , Retina , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Stem Cell TransplantationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECT</b>Scientific guided breathing technology is to be studied based on the cardiopulmonary interaction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Heart rate variability was used as the target function to study the smoothly respiratory relaxation procedure in order to acquire the common pattern of regular and slow breathing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Music based on the acquired common pattern was created and a musical pattern temporally-related to the breathing movement monitored by a sensor could be chosen to guide the breathing interactively.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Breathing Exercises , Heart Rate , Physiology , RespirationABSTRACT
A new type of respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) has keen designed based on digital demodulation technique with equal relative error. Compared with former amplitude demodulation, digital modulation RIP can obtain more accurate measurements of respiration and reduce the signal interference and distortion. But the system's power consumption is still a problem which needs to be solved in the future design.
Subject(s)
Plethysmography , Methods , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Tidal VolumeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of the present study was to explore the expression and clinical significance of multiple tumor suppressor gene 1 (MTS1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene in invasive breast cancers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression level of MTS1 and COX-2 in cancer tissues and corresponding para-cancer tissues from 66 cases of primary invasive breast cancers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In breast cancer tissues, the expression of MTS1 and COX-2 assessed by relative fluorescence intensity were 0.84 and 10.54, respectively, and were 1.61 and 4.00 in corresponding para-cancer tissues, respectively. There was a significant difference between MTS1 and COX-2 expressions in cancer and corresponding para-cancer tissues (P <0.05). The differences of MTS1 and COX-2 expression of different ages, pathological types, tumor sizes or clinical stages of the breast cancer patients were not significant (P > 0.05). The MTS1 and COX-2 expressions were 1.12 and 5.94, respectively, in lymph node metastasis positive patients, and 0.79 and 13.05, respectively, in lymph node metastasis negative patients. The differences were significant (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The preliminary research results suggest that MTS1 and COX-2 gene expressions play fairly important role in tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancers. MTS1 and COX-2 protein expressions have correlation with lymph node metastasis. This study provides theoretical basis for use of COX-2 selective inhibitors in prevention and treatment for breast cancer patients.</p>